ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Dual Spacization of Cultures: Problematization of Cyberspace and Cultural Matters
This paper examines the problematization of cultural issues related tothe dual spacization of life. The emergence of the second space of lifeover the first place of life combining local and translocal, national andtransnational capacities and challenges. We discuss the capacities andopportunities occurring through the instant communication industrywhich made the spontaneous connection between absence and presencepossible which overcome the domination of place and distance. We willalso elaborate on the challenges and threats facing cultures because ofaccess to other cultures, subcultures and individuals around the worldwithout having enough time for nurturing the relationship betweeninner cultures and outer cultures as well as facing many abnormalities,distancing from genuine culture and natural communications.
https://jcss.ut.ac.ir/article_59867_46196ceb8612a0ceb99aee4effbcbe0d.pdf
2017-01-01
1
18
dual spacization
virtual capacity
internet challenges
cyberspace
Culture
Saied Reza
Ameli
ssameli@ut.ac.ir
1
: Professor of Communications and North American Studies. University of Tehran, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Ameli, S. R. (2001). The Interaction of Globalization with Citizenship
1
and Religion. Social Sciences Quarterly, 9(18),167-200.
2
Ameli, S. R. (2011a) Studies of Globalization: Dual Spacization and
3
Dual Globalization. Tehran: Samt Publications.
4
Ameli, S. R. (2011b) Dually Spacizized Approach toward Harms,
5
Offenses, Laws and Policies of Virtual Space. Tehran: Amirkabir
6
Bargh, J. A., & McKenna, K. Y. (2004). The Internet and social life.
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Annu. Rev. Psychol., 55, 573-590.
8
Bell, David (2001). An Introduction to Cybercultures. London & New
9
York: Routledge.
10
Chatterjee, B.B. (2001). Las of the rainmacs: Thinking about
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pornography in cyberspace, In Wall, D.S.(Eds.) Crime and
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Internet, London & New York: Routledge.
13
Cooper, A., Putnam, D. E., Planchon, L. A., & Boies, S. C. (1999).
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Online sexual compulsivity: Getting tangled in the net. Sexual
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Addiction & Compulsivity: The Journal of Treatment and
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Prevention, 6(2), 79-104.
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Cover, R. (2015). Digital Identities: Creating and Communicating the
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Online Self. Cambridge: Academic Press.
19
Cross, M. (2008). Scene of cybercrime. Elsevier Science & Technology
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Floridi, L. & Sanders, J. W. (2002). Mapping the foundationalist
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debate in computer ethics. Ethics and information Technology,
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4(1), 1-9.
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Floridi L. (2003). Information Ethics: An Environmental Approach
24
to the Digital Divide, Philosophy in the Contemporary World,
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9 (1). 39-45.
26
Goffman, Erving (1975). Stigmate, Edition de Minuit.
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Larner, W. (2015). Globalising knowledge networks: Universities,
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diaspora strategies, and academic intermediaries. Geoforum,
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59, 197-205.
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McQuade, S. (2009). Encyclopedia of cybercrime, London:
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Greenwood Press.
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Nie, N. H., & Erbring, L. (2000). Internet and society. Stanford
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Institute for the Quantitative Study of Society, 3, 14-19.
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Ogbonna, E., & Harris, L. C. (2007). Developing internet operations
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and subcultural dynamics: An exploratory study. Journal of
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Organizational Change Management, 20(3), 388-408.
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Ropolyi, L. (2013). Philosophy of the Internet: A Discourse on the
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Nature of the Internet, Eötvös Loránd Tudományegyetem,
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Retrieved from: http://elte.prompt.hu/sites/default/files/
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tananyagok/PhilosophyOfTheInternet/index.html
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technology: Theory and application. Journal of Social Issues,
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58(1), 109-124.
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Thulin, E. & Bertil, V. (2016)The Internet and Desire to Move: The
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Role of Virtual Practices in the Inspiration Phase of Migration,
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Tijdschrif voor Economische en Sociale Geografie, 3(107), -257
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White, F. A., Abu-Rayya, H. M., Bliuc, A. M., & Faulkner, N. (2015).
48
Emotion expression and intergroup bias reduction between
49
Muslims and Christians: Long-term Internet contact.
50
Computers in Human Behavior, 53, 435-442.
51
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
O Brave New World: The Dark Side of Cyberspace
This article focuses on some of the negative aspects of cyberspace andcyberculture. First, it offers an examination of the impact of our use ofsocial media, and Facebook in particular, on our psyches, pointing out thatusers of social media can be thought of as audiences. These audiencesand information about them can be sold to marketers and advertisers.Next, it offers a case study of a widespread social problem in Japan, morethan a million media-obsessed Japanese young men (and some youngwomen), the hikikomori, who shut themselves off from society for monthsor years at a time. This is followed by a discussion of the impact of mobiles,primarily smartphones, on American adolescents, some of whom textone hundred messages a day to their friends. The effects of the enormousamount of face-time young people spend with screens—around tenhours per day--are also considered. Finally, there is an examination of theimpact that Amazon.com, the leading e-commerce Internet site, has hadon American shopping practices and American culture and society. Thearticle concludes with a discussion of the work of Hubert Dreyfus aboutsome negative effects of the Internet and, by implication, cyberspace andcyberculture, which, he argues, drain life of meaning.
https://jcss.ut.ac.ir/article_59868_ef0c932ab357ec4df6258870230de69b.pdf
2017-01-01
19
35
Facebook
Social media
hikikomori
smartphones
Arthur
Asa Berger
arthurasaberger@gmail.com
1
Professor Emeritus, Broadcast and Electronic Communication Arts, San Francisco State University, United States
LEAD_AUTHOR
Brown, S. T. (2010). Tokyo Cyberpunk: Posthumanism in Japanese
1
Visual Culture. New York: Palgrave Macmillan.
2
Brunskill, D. (2013). “Social Media, Social Avatars and the Psyche:
3
Is Facebook Good for Us?” Australian Psychiatry, 21 (6),
4
Dreyfus, H. L. (2009). On the Internet (Second Edition). London:
5
Routledge.
6
Featherstone, M & Burrow, R. (1995). Cultures of Technological
7
Embodiment: An Introduction. In F. M & B. R (Eds.),
8
Cyberspace/Cyberbodies/Cyberpunk: Cultures of
9
Technological Embodiment. London: Sage Publications.
10
Fuchs, C. (2013). Social Media: a Critical Introduction. Thousand
11
Oaks, CA: Sage.
12
Hayles, K. (1993). “Virtual Bodies and Flickering Signifiers,”
13
October 66: 69-91
14
Rheingold, H. (2012). New Smart: How to Thrive Online.
15
Cambridge, MA: The MIT Press.
16
Robins, K. (1995). Cyberspace and the World We Live In. In F. M &
17
B. R (Eds.), Cyberspace/Cyberbodies/Cyberpunk: Cultures of
18
Technological Embodiment. London: Sage Publications.
19
Samakow, J (2012, March 19). Teen texting: New report
20
shows they send 60 texts a day. Retrieved from http://
21
www.huffingtonpost.com/2012/03/19/texting-andteens_
22
n_1365650.html.
23
Smythe, D. W. (2006) ‘On the Audience Commodity and its Work’,
24
pp. 230– 56 in M.G. Durham and D.M. Kellner (eds) Media
25
and Cultural Studies Key Works. Malden, MA: Blackwell.
26
(Orig. pub. 1981.)
27
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Online Community and Democracy
The debate over the contribution of the Internet to democracy is farfrom settled. Some point to the empowering effects of online discussionand fund raising on recent electoral campaigns in the US to argue thatthe Internet will restore the public sphere. Others claim that the Internetis just a virtual mall, a final extension of global capitalism into everycorner of our lives. This paper argues for the democratic thesis withsome qualifications. The most important contribution of the Internetto democracy is not necessarily its effects on the electoral process butrather its ability to assemble a public around technical networks thatenroll individuals scattered over wide geographical areas. Medicalpatients, video game players, musical performers, and many otherpublics have emerged on the Internet with surprising consequences.
https://jcss.ut.ac.ir/article_59869_3cb0d2d350f8fdfb29ca921711e669b5.pdf
2017-01-01
37
60
online community
Democracy
the information model
the consumption model
the community model
Andrew
Feenberg
feenberg@sfu.ca
1
Professor, Canada Research Chair in Philosophy of Technology, School of Communication, Simon Fraser University, Canada
LEAD_AUTHOR
Abbate, J. (1994). From Arpanet to Internet: A history of ARPAsponsored
1
Computer Networks, 1966-1988, unpublished
2
Ph.D. dissertation. University of Pennsylvania.
3
Abbate, J. (1999). Inventing the Internet. Cambridge: MIT Press.
4
Bakardjieva, M. (2012). Subactivism: Lifeworld and politics in
5
the age of the Internet. In A. Feenberg & N. Friesen (Eds.),
6
(Re)Inventing the Internet, (85-108). Rotterdam: Sense
7
Publishers.
8
Barney, D. (2011). Interviewed by Laureano Ralon for Figure/
9
Ground Communication April 12th, 2011. Available
10
at http://figureground.ca/interviews/darin-barney/
11
(accessed on November 15, 2012).
12
Bertho, C. (1984). Histoire des telecommunications en France.
13
Toulouse: Editions Erès.
14
Borgmann, A. (1992). Crossing the postmodern divide. Chicago:
15
University of Chicago Press.
16
Borgmann, A. (2004). Is the Internet the solution to the problem
17
of community, in A. Feenberg & D. Barney (Eds.), Community
18
in the digital age. Lanham: Rowman and Littlefield.
19
Dewey, J. (1980). The public and its problems. Denver: Swallow.
20
Feenberg, A. (1995). Alternative modernity: The technical turn
21
in philosophy and social theory. Los Angeles: University of
22
California Press.
23
Feenberg, A. L., Licht, J. M., Kane, K. P., Moran, K., & Smith, R.
24
A. (1996). The online patient meeting. Journal of the
25
neurological sciences, 139, 129-131.
26
Feenberg, A. (2010). Between reason and experience: Essays in
27
technology and modernity. Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press.
28
Feenberg, A., & Bakardjieva, M. (2004). Consumers or citizens?
29
The online community debate, in A. Feenberg & D. Barney
30
(Eds.), Community in the digital age. Lanham: Rowman and
31
Littlefield.
32
Grimes, S. M. (2006). Online multiplayer games: A virtual space
33
for intellectual property debates?. New Media & Society,
34
8(6), 969-990.
35
Hamilton, E., & Feenberg, A. (2005). The technical codes of online
36
education. E-learning and Digital Media, 2(2), 104-121.
37
Hiltz, S. R., & Turoff, M. (1993). The network nation. Cambridge:MIT Press.
38
McChesney, R. (1999). Rich media, poor democracy: Communication
39
politics in dubious times. Urbana and Chicago: University of
40
Illinois Press.
41
Nara, Y., & Iseda, T. (2004). Ethics on the Internet: A comparative
42
study of Japan, the United States, and Singapore, in A.
43
Feenberg & D. Barney (Eds.), Community in the digital age.
44
Lanham: Rowman and Littlefield.
45
Noble, D. (consulted Nov. 11, 2006). The truth about the
46
information highway, Available at http://www.arise.org.za/
47
english/pdf/Employment.PDF.
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Pinch, T. J., & Bijker, W. E. (1987). The social construction of facts
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and artefacts, in W. E. Bijker & H. T. Pinch, (Eds.), The social
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construction of technological systems. Cambridge, Mass.:
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MIT Press.
52
Slouka, M. (1995). War of the worlds: Cyberspace and the high-tech
53
assault on reality. New York: Basic Books.
54
Willinsky, J. (2006). The access principle: The case for open access
55
to research and scholarship. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
56
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
The Impacts of Global Inequality in Social Networks: Examined in Three Major Theories
The rapid growth of modern long-distance communication technologiesboth in term of quality and quantity and the consequent emergenceof cyberspace in parallel with the real world, has led to new forms ofinequality which can be interpreted in three different ways. Using thethree-generation theory of social networks (Oral networks; Longdistancenetworks; and, Digital networks), one can make domesticcomparisons, and find countries in which the majority of the populationare within the third category or the digital network. On the other sideof the extreme, are nations who are still under the limited conditionsof the first and second categories of oral and long-distance networking.This paper presents a chart using a combination of different statisticalindicators to illustrate the inequality in question. The focus of this paperhas been on the two countries of Iran and the United States as its casestudy. The conclusion at the end suggests that tackling and reducing theinequality in question has to do with ‘national will and national facilities’as well as ‘individual will and individual facilities’.
https://jcss.ut.ac.ir/article_59870_67ce1a53dddb97760034cc7eb01c5e1d.pdf
2017-01-01
61
87
global inequality
communication power
oral networks
long-distance networks
digital networks
Mehdi
Mohsenian Rad
mohsenianrad@gmail.com
1
Professor of Communications. Faculty of Communications and Culture, Imam Sadeq University
LEAD_AUTHOR
Adler, R. B., & Rodman, G. (2009). Understanding Human
1
Communication. (Tenth Edition). New York: Oxford University
2
Ameli, S. R. (2011). A Dual Spacized Approach to Harms, Crimes,
3
Laws and Policies of the Cyberspace. Tehran: Amir Kabir
4
Publications.
5
Blew, R. D. (1996). On the definition of ecosystem. Bulletin of the
6
Ecological Society of America, 77(3), 171-173.
7
Central Intelligence Agency (CIA). (2015a). The World Fact book.
8
Available at https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the world-factbook/geos/er.html.
9
Central Intelligence Agency (CIA). (2015b). The World Fact book.
10
Available at https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/theworld-
11
factbook/geos/us.html.
12
Fastmetrics. (2016). Internet speeds by country. Available at
13
https://www.fastmetrics.com/internet-connection-speedby-
14
country.php.
15
Fourth Plan Report (n. d). The Report on the Pahlavi Government’s
16
Fourth Development Plan. Tehran: Management and Planning
17
Organization Publication.
18
Hardeman, A. A. (2003). The Worldwide History of
19
Telecommunications. New Jersey: John Wiley and Sons, Inc.
20
Historical Statistics. (1976). U.S. Bureau of the Census. Historical
21
Statistics of the United States: Colonial Times to 1970.
22
Bicentennial edition. Washington: GPO.
23
Kheyrkhah, T. (1998). Mobile Phones and their Impact on Relations
24
among University Students. The Case of Students in Tehran.
25
Master Thesis. Faculty of Social Sciences, University of
26
Tehran. Iran.
27
McLuhan, H. M. (1998). For Understanding the Media. Tehran:
28
Islamic Republic Broadcasting Center for Evaluation, Study
29
and Research. (Translated into Persian by Saeid Azari)
30
Mohsenian Rad, M. (2005). Market of the Message and the Future
31
of Intercultural Communications. Journal of Social Sciences,
32
Mohsenian Rad, M. (2012). Three Generations of Social Networking;
33
an Overlapped Presence in Developing Countries: The Case
34
of Iran. Journal of Social Sciences, 57, 47-74.
35
Mohsenian Rad, M. (2015). Communication Ecosystem Contexts:
36
From Mass Audiences to Mass Messages. GSTF Journal on
37
Media & Communications, 17 (2), 9-17.
38
Neubeck, K. J. & Glasberg, D.S. (2004). Sociology: Diversity, Conflict,
39
and Change, with PowerWeb. New York: McGraw-Hill Higher
40
Education.
41
Mo’tamedi, E. (1997). Ministry of Post, Telegraph and Telephone:
42
Past, Present and Future. Tehran: Madreseh Publications.
43
Mosaheb, G. H. (2002). Persian Encyclopedia. First Volume. Tehran:
44
Amir Kabir.
45
Panteli, N. (Ed.). (2009). Virtual Social Networks: Mediated, Massive and Multiplayer Sites. UK. Palgrave Macmillan.
46
Postman, N. (2000, June). The humanism of media ecology. In
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Proceedings of the Media Ecology Association (Vol. 1, pp. 10-
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Shepard, J. M. (2007) Sociology. Ninth edition, Belmont, ca:
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Thomson/Wadsworth, USA.
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Statistics Yearbook. (1966). Tehran, Iran Statistics Center.
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Statistics Yearbook. (2007). Tehran: Iran Statistics Center.
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Tansley, A. G. (1935). The use and abuse of vegetational concepts
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and terms. Ecology, 16(3), 284-307.
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The World Bank. (2015). Internet users (per 100 people). Available
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at http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/IT.NET.USER.P2.
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Thirty Years of Communications. (2009). Thirty Years of
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Communications and the Activity Record of the 9th
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Administration. Government Week Special Edition. Tehran:
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Iran Telecommunications Company, Public Relations Office.
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Wood, J. T. (2010). Communication Mosaics: An Introduction to the
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Field of Communication. Boston: Wad S. worth.
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Wright, C. (1975). Mass Communication: A Sociological Perspective.
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New York: Random House.
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Zaleski, J. (1997). The Soul of Cyberspace. Cambridge: Polity Press.
69
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Culture, Lifestyle and the Information Revolution in the Middle East and Muslim World
For over two decades, the ‘information revolution’ in the MiddleEast has been framed overwhelmingly in terms of media, more of it,and in comparisons to mass media – from the advent of any-to-anycommunication to ad hoc conceptualizations such as ‘crowd-sourcing’ or‘citizen journalism’ – that register the multiplication of voices, channelsand eroding boundaries in spheres of communication. The record hasexpanded more than conceptualizations of its sociologies in media andcommunications studies. It’s time for other questions that elicit additionaland more basic features of Internet practices from choices that shapeindividual repertoires and participation to continuities between usersand producers to how actual practices scale up, which actually link microand macro processes. To elicit these broader sociologies, and movebeyond the limited social physics of ‘impact’ of the Internet on culture andlifestyles, I draw on the related sociologies of reference group and networktheory, on Science-Technology-Society studies and sociolinguistics tobring disruption of existing institutions, on the one hand, and cooptationby them, on the other, into more unified theory of the play of informationrevolution in culture and lifestyles on the Internet.
https://jcss.ut.ac.ir/article_59871_d7babe4f10557b53de9dc8ede7adda1d.pdf
2017-01-01
89
102
Culture
lifestyle
information revolution
Middle East
Jon W.
Anderson
anderson@cua.edu
1
Professor, Department of Anthropology, Catholic University of America, Washington, D.C.
AUTHOR
Abbate, J. (1999). Inventing the Internet. Cambridge, MA: The MIT
1
Anderson, J. W. (2003). New Media, New Publics: Reconfiguring the
2
Public Sphere of Islam. Social Research, 70(3), 887-906.
3
Anderson, J. W. (2003-2004). Vers un théorie techno-pratique
4
d’Internet dans le monde Arab. Maghreb-Machrek, 178, 45-
5
Barsalou, J. (2012). Post-Mubarak Egypt: History, Collective
6
Memory and Memorialization. Middle East Policy, 19(2), 134-
7
Bunt, G. R. (2000). Virtually Islamic: computer-mediated
8
communication and cyber Islamic environments. Cardiff:
9
University of Wales Press.
10
Bunt, G. R. (2003). Islam in the digital age: e-jihad, online fatwas and
11
cyber Islamic environments. London: Pluto.
12
Bunt, G. R. (2009). iMuslims: rewiring the house of Islam. London:
13
Castells, M. (1996). The information age: economy, society and
14
culture. Vol. 1, The rise of the network society. Malden, MA:
15
Blackwell.
16
Dyson, G. (2012). Turing’s cathedral: The origins of the digital
17
universe. New York: Pantheon.
18
Eickelman, D. F., & Anderson, J. W. (Eds.). (2003). New media in the
19
Muslim world: the emerging public sphere. Bloomington, IN:
20
Indiana University Press, 2003. 2. ed.
21
Granovetter, MS. (1973). The Strength of Weak Ties. The American
22
Journal of Sociology 78(6): 1360-1380.
23
Granovetter, M. S. (1983). The Strength of Weak Ties: A Network
24
Theory Revisited. Sociological Theory, 1, 201-233.
25
Kelly, J., & Etling, B. (2008). Mapping Iranʼs Online Public: Politics
26
and Culture in the Persian Blogosphere Internet and
27
Democracy Case Study Series. Cambridge, MA: Berkman
28
Center for Internet and Society.
29
Kuipers, J. (1990). Power in performance: The creation of textual
30
authority in Weyewa ritual speech. Philadelphia: University of
31
Pennsylvania Press.
32
Lave, J., & Wenger, E. (1991). Situated Learning: Legitimate
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Peripheral Participation. Cambridge: Cambridge University
34
Lister, M., J. Dovey, S. Giddings, I. Grant and K. Kelly (2003) New
35
Media: A Critical Introduction. London: Routledge.
36
Manovich, L. (2013). Software takes command. New York & London:
37
Bloomsbury Academic Publishers.
38
Radsch, C. C. (2008). Core to commonplace: The evolution of Egypt’s
39
blogosphere. Arab Media & Society. Issue 6. Retrieved 6 June
40
2012, from http://www.arabmediasociety.com/?article=692
41
Rahimi, B. (2011). Affinities of Dissent: Cyberspace, Performative
42
Networks and the Iranian Green Movement. CyberOrient:
43
Online Journal of the Virtual Middle East. 5(2). Retrieved 2 June
44
2012, from www.cyberorient.net/article.do?articleId=7357
45
Ritzer, G., Dean, P., & Jurgenson, N. (April 01, 2012). The Coming
46
of Age of the Prosumer. American Behavioral Scientist, 56, 4,
47
Valeriani, A. (2011). Bridges of the Revolution: Linking People,
48
Sharing Information, and Remixing Practices. Sociologica, 3,
49
Wellman, B. (2002) The Not So Global Village of Netville. The Internet
50
in Everyday Life, edited by B. Wellman and C. Haythornthaite.
51
Oxford: Blackwell, pp 345-371.
52
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
A Reflection on Shaping the Virtual Space Based on Religious Values
This paper initially examines theories proposed by Feenberg abouttechnical systems and alternative modernity, analyzes his thoughts, andconcludes that a framework of values needs to be provided in shapingtechnical systems. In a society like Iran, where policy makers are looking forthe realization of Islamic values, this framework of values is derived fromIslam. To explain the relationship between religion and technology, theconcept of concretization has been used up, according to which, all aspectsof civilization, including technical systems must be concretized based onIslamic values. Virtual space as a part of the technical systems must beconcretized with a holistic approach, based on Islamic values, and for thispurpose, there is no choice but a collective social life based on religiousvalues. The concluding section of the paper also tries to deal with anothersignificant issue which predicts the future of concretization at the level ofcivilizations which will be offered using the metaphor of the ‘sand desert’.
https://jcss.ut.ac.ir/article_59872_7ce9e9803a89e3980c057b101e19429e.pdf
2017-01-01
103
118
alternative thinking
value framework
concretization
virtual space
sand desert metaphor
Saeedeh
Babaii
saeedeh.babaii@gmail.com
1
MA Degree on Philosophy of Science, Amir Kabir University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Mostafa
Taqavi
taghavi11@yahoo.com
2
Assistant Professor, Department of Philosophy of Science, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Bijker, W. E., Hughes, T. P., & Pinch, T. (Eds.). (2012). The Social
1
Construction of Technological Systems. Massachusetts: The
2
MIT Press.
3
Borgmann, A. (1992). Crossing the postmodern divide. Chicago:
4
University of Chicago Press.
5
Dell, K. (2008). How Second Life Affects Real Life. Available at http://
6
content.time.com/time/health/article/0,8599,1739601,00.
7
Feenberg, A. (1995). Alternative Modernity: The Technical Turn
8
in Philosophy and Social Theory. Berkeley: University of
9
California Press.
10
Feenberg, A. (1999). Questioning Technology. New York: Routledge.
11
Feenberg, A. (2002). Transforming Technology: A Critical Theory
12
Revisited. NewYork: Oxford University Press.
13
Feenberg, A. (2010). Between Reason and Experience: Essays in
14
Technology andModernity. Massachusetts: The MIT Press.
15
Feenberg, A., & Bakardjieva, M. (2004). Consumers or citizens?
16
The online community debate, in A. Feenberg & D. Barney
17
(Eds.), Community in the digital age. Lanham: Rowman and
18
Littlefield.
19
Feenberg, A., & Friesen, N. (Eds.). (2012). (Re)Inventing The Internet:
20
Critical Case Studies. Rotterdam: SensePublishers.
21
Hiltz, S. R., & Turoff, M. (1993). The network nation. Cambridge:
22
MIT Press.
23
Simondon, G. (1958). Du Mode d’Existence des Objets Techniques.
24
Paris: Aubier.
25
TFP student action. (2015). How Video Games Kill the Soul & Body.
26
Available at https://www.tfpstudentaction.org/blog/howvideo-
27
games-kill-the-soul-body.
28
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Social Media and Politics: Examining Indonesians’ Political Knowledge on Facebook
The Internet and social media have played a significant role in contemporarypolitical sphere of Indonesia. In particular, they have been widely usedfor political activism and discussion; but whether the discussions areconstructive is another issue. Constructive political discussion requiresseveral preconditions; one of the most important requirements is rationalreasoning. Citizens must be equipped with some degree of politicalknowledge and competency to provide reasonable arguments andjustifications in discussions. The primary objective of this paper is to examinethe level of political knowledge of Indonesian Facebookers regardingcorruption which is currently a serious issue in Indonesia. An online surveywas conducted among the most active users of an anti-corruption Facebookgroup of Indonesians. The results of the study generally suggested that theparticipants were well informed about the current affairs of their societyand showed a high level of political knowledge in terms of the CorruptionEradication Commission and also the incumbent politicians; however, theresults indicated a low level of knowledge regarding laws and regulationssurrounding corruption as well as the issues related to the former politicians.
https://jcss.ut.ac.ir/article_59873_327d406fd039e5599a645fb05c98b2f4.pdf
2017-01-01
119
139
Social media
Facebook
political discussion
political knowledge
Indonesia
corruption
Hamideh
Molaei
hmolaei@ut.ac.ir
1
Assistant Professor, Faculty of World Studies, the University of Tehran, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
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Indonesians online participation regarding 2009 presidential
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Communication Association (ANZCA), Old Parliament House,
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Canberra, Australia.
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Molaei, H. (2015). Discursive opportunity structure and the
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